Māori perspectives on AI: Researchers and Innovators

In our last article, we explored the guidance the government has released on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in New Zealand. Given that this guidance is still in its infancy and the limited commentary they had on the impacts on Māori, the team at Scarlatti is interested in what various researchers and innovators in this space are finding.

This article is the sixth in a series titled “AI in Education”, aimed at education providers interested in AI. The intention is for this series to act as a beginner’s guide to the use of AI in education, with a particular focus on AI agents. This series is being developed as part of a project to develop an AI agent for learner oral assessment, funded by the Food and Fibre Centre of Vocational Excellence. We invite you to follow along as we (Scarlatti) document our learnings about this exciting space.

The article below provides an overview of the people who are either publishing about the intersection of AI and te ao Māori, or working on innovative projects in this space. The list is not intended to be exhaustive, but it may help you to start learning about this space, to know who to follow, or who to connect with for your own projects.

Dr Karaitiana Taiuru

Dr Karaitiana Taiuru (Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Toa) is a leading voice on Māori data sovereignty. He hosts monthly Te Ao Māori webinars (started April 2025) covering topics such as AI’s impact on the environment, employment and Te Tiriti o Waitangi. His written research around AI has explored topics such as:

• The representation of Māori in the AI sector (Taiuru, 2024a)
• Māori perspectives on regulation (Taiuru, 2024b).

Dr. Te Taka Keegan

Dr Te Taka Keegan (Waikato-Maniapoto, Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Whakaue) is a senior computer science lecturer at the University of Waikato, the Co-Director Māori of the AI Institute at Waikato University, and a Computer Scientist working at Kāhui Raraunga Charitable Trust. In 2017, he received the Prime Minister’s Supreme Award – an award that recognises and encourages outstanding excellence in tertiary education at the highest national level.

Much of Dr Te Taka’s recent work explores how Te Reo Māori is integrated into large language models and includes topics such as:

• How bias can be mitigated in LLMs (Yogarajan, 2024)
• How these models translate te reo Māori (Keegan, 2017)
• The concept of Māori algorithmic sovereignty (Brown et al., 2024).

Sara Cole Stratton

Sara Cole Stratton (Ngāti Hine, Ngāti Kahu) is the founder of Māori Lab, which helps businesses and communities navigate change and create sustainable futures by applying tikanga and te ao Māori values. She works as an Indigenous AI ethics and equitable inclusion advisor. This involves showing how Māori frameworks can be added to AI risk mitigation policies. She is also a part of ED-Tech New Zealand and is preparing to run an AI hackathon with tamariki in Te Tai Tokerau, aiming to involve them as potential AI creators rather than just consumers.

See more of her work here:

• Master’s research on bridging the digital divide through a Māori lens (Stratton, 2022)
• Masterclass on Māori frameworks and perspectives on inclusiveness for ethical AI with C-Minds at the AI for Climate Conference (C-Minds & Cole Stratton, 2023)
• Contribution to ‘A Blueprint for Equity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence (World Economic Forum, 2022).

Peter-Lucas Jones

Peter-Lucas Jones (Ngāi Takoto, Ngāti Kahu, Te Rārawa, Te Aupōuri) is the CEO of Te Hiku Media and talks about the possibilities that AI offers to assist in reversing cultural and language decline (Smith, 2024). Through his company, he has created products that can:

• Transcribe spoken te reo Māori and New Zealand English into audio and video files (see Kaituhi)
• Synthesise te reo Māori words, large bodies of text and utterances (see Reo)
• Provide pronunciation feedback (see Reo Ora)
• Supply users with specialised API keys to ensure kaitiakitanga of Indigenous data (see Rongo).

Michael Puhara and Xaviere Murray-Puhara

Xaviere Murray-Puhara (Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa me Heretaunga, Ngāti Porou) and Michael Puhara (Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa me Heretaunga, Ngāti Porou) are the co-founders of the father-daughter-AI-run software company kahu.code. Their company specialises in creating bilingual text and voice models as well as large-scale translations, with a focus on reo hangarau (tech terminology). Their mission is to “facilitate seamless kōrero (communication) between technology and humans, enabling effective interactions and understanding, supporting the revitalisation of Indigenous languages”. Their products include:

• Whakawhiti Reo (translates te reo)
• Kaiawhina Reo (teaches te reo)
• Koro (acts as voice assistant).

They are also in the early stages of developing a transcription tool (not yet named).

Poipoia te kākano kia puawai.

A range of research is emerging about the intersection of te ao Māori and AI, exploring topics such as how to incorporate te reo Māori into LLMs and Māori data sovereignty. There are also a number of innovators who are integrating te reo Māori and mātauranga Māori into new AI products. The above list could help others to start learning in this area, or to find a partner to work with on a project.

For our own AI assessment agent, we are considering how future iterations could consider the findings of others in this space. We are also thinking about how we could conduct wider scaling testing beyond our pilots to ensure that it works for a variety of learners.

Questions that we are asking for our own AI agent:

• How can we test for bias? As our pilots are small (at this stage ~15 learners) will tests only be effective if conducted on a wider scale?
• How could future iterations of our AI agent have the capability to converse in more than one language?
• If we roll out further, how do we effectively engage with educational institutions to embed Māori data sovereignty principles into the governance of, storage of, and access to our tools and associated data?

Interested in following our journey into AI?

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• Contact the Scarlatti team to share your thoughts or questions.

Brown, P., Wilson, D., West, K., Escott, K., Basabas, K., Ritchie, B., Lucas, D., Taia, I., Kusabs, N., & Keegan, T, T. (2024). Māori algorithmic sovereignty: Idea, principles, and use. Data Science Journal, 23(1), 15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2024-015

C-Minds and Stratton, S. (2023).  Masterclass: Māori frameworks and perspectives on inclusiveness for ethical AI. AI for Climate Conference. Retrieved 26 March, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82G3B0Lh-1E

Keegan, Te Taka. (2017). Machine translation for te reo Māori. In H. Whaanga, T. T. A. G. Keegan, & M. Apperley (Eds.), He Whare Hangarau Māori - Language, culture & technology, pp. 23–28. Retrieved 16 January 2025, https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/entities/publication/9d8919f9-eef9-425a-a52f-69b6df53bd25

Stratton, S. (2022). Bridging the digital divide through a Māori lens. Retrieved 16 January, 2025, https://www.asiapacific.ca/podcast/between-binary-tech-and-global-south/sara-cole-stratton-bridging-digital-divide-through.

Taiuru, K. (2024a). Artificial intelligence regulation from a Māori perspective. Retrieved 16 January, 2025, https://www.taiuru.co.nz/artificial-intelligence-regulation-from-a-maori-perspective/

Taiuru, K. (2024b). Treatment of Māori language in language modelling. Retrieved 16 January, 2025, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/treatment-m%C4%81ori-language-modelling-dr-karaitiana-taiuru-jp-minstd-w8jjc/

World Economic Forum. (2022). A Blueprint for Equity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence.  Retrieved 26 March, 2025, https://www.weforum.org/publications/a-blueprint-for-equity-and-inclusion-in-artificial-intelligence/

Yogarajan, V., Dobbie, G., and Te Taka Keegan. (2024). Debiasing large language models: Research opportunities. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol 55 (2), 372-395.